The experiment that Stanley Milgram conducted in the 1960s provided Essay

The experiment that Stanley Milgram conducted in the 1960s provided empirical evidence in favour of what is now referred to as t - Essay ExampleThe results of the experiment amaze been proved by many other researchers in later studies, which explored the small-world effect in various types of networks. It has been verified that the small-world effect foot be seen in different extent in a number of the real-world networks. The small-world phenomenon has made a spectacular contribution in the theory of networks as it helped to better understand the structure and kinetics of the complex networks. This typography intends to discuss the Milgrams experiment and to explore in what extent the small-world effect apprise be found in three main classes of networks random graphs, scale-free networks and small-world networks. Keywords networks, social networks, small-world, six degree, random graph, scale-free networks. Introduction It is widely acknowledged that networks argon all around people and people themselves as socio-biological systems be, for the most part, products of biochemical reactions and social relationships occurring in networks. Networks argon studied since 1736, at first in the domain of mathematical graph theory (Biggs et al., 1986), which has been gradually veritable into the solid branch of knowledge that studies disposition and properties of different networks, from very simple to large and complex networks that have irregular structure and complex dynamics. Examples of such networks can be found everywhere in nature and in society food networks of biological species, communication networks and the Internet, social networks between individuals, transportation networks, metabolic and anxious networks, and many others. Nowadays the study of networks got significant achievements in understanding of specific features, some of which have been investigated in depth only in the past few decades, with the advent of information and communications technologies and, particularly, the Internet. One of the native features of networks was discovered in 1967, when a famous social psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted a series of experiments, revealing that in filthiness of the enormous number of the global population, our world is actually rather small - any individual on the planet can reach any other individual through about six contacts in their social network. The phenomenon was called the small-world effect, while the modern popular scientific literature often mentions it as the six degrees of insularism effect (Watts, 1999). The results of the Milgrams experiments have been proved in a large number of experiments of other researchers. The phenomenon appears to be extremely useful for understanding the structure and dynamics of processes that takes place in different networks, for example the dynamics of spread of information across the network, or the dynamics of diffusions of epidemic diseases in a society. The small-wo rld effect can be viewed in different networks however, each of these networks has the distinctive characteristics, related to its structure and dynamics, so there are certain differences in the manifestations of the small-world effect in various networks. This essay intends to discuss the Milgrams experiment and to explore in what extent the small-world effect can be found in networks, namely, in three main kinds of networks in classical random graphs in scale-free networks, introduced by Barabasi and Albert (1999) and in small-world networks, invented by Watts and Strogatz (1998). The paper is aimed to show